Jul 6, 2010
Hepatitis B and its treatmentHepatitis B is a disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) which infects the liver of hominoidae, including humans, and causes an inflammation called hepatitis.
Originally known as "serum hepatitis", the disease has caused epidemics in parts of Asia and Africa, and it is endemic in China. About a third of the world's population, more than 2 billion people, have been infected with the hepatitis B virus. This includes 350 million chronic carriers of the virus. Transmission of hepatitis B virus results from exposure to infectious blood or body fluids containing blood.
Symptoms
Incubation period
- From 2 weeks to 6 months after viral entry to the liver, during which time a person is extremely contagious
- Symptoms disappear over 6-12 months until complete recovery
Hepatitis B symptoms are similar to Hepatitis A but can also include:
- Muscle/joint ache
- Pain in the abdomen
- However, the virus may continue its silent attack on the liver which over a period of years can lead to:
- Cirrhosis
- scarring of the liver which slows the blood flow through the liver, causing increased pressure in the vein that transports blood from the stomach and the intestines to the liver
- Lifelong infection
- Varicose veins
- esophageal varicies can develop in the stomach and esophagus and these large veins can break without warning, causing a person to vomit blood or have black, tarry stools
- Over 5,000 persons die from chronic liver disease caused by the Hepatitis B Virus infection each year including:
- Liver cancer
- Liver cell damage
- Liver failure
- Scarring of the liver
Transmission
Hepatitis B is transmitted through:
- Blood
- Blood sucking arthropods (mainly in the tropics).
- Blood transfusions
- Contaminated drinking water or ice
- Feces
- Raw or uncooked shellfish (oysters, clams or mussels)
- Saliva
- Seminal fluid
- Uncooked fruits or vegetables grown with or washed in contaminated water
- Urine
- Vaginal secretions
Diagnosis
Because of the complexity and the antigenic differences of the virus, there are a number of tests available for Hepatitis B.There are three standard blood tests:
Antigens
- HBsAg - presence of the virus
- HBcAg - not detected in blood
- HBeAg - correlates with the viral replication and infectivity.
Antibodies
- Anti-HBs- antibodies to the surface (antibody to HbsAg)
- Positive means you are immune to Hepatitis B (from either having had the disease or from having been given the vaccine)
- Anti-HBc
- Antibodies to the core can be either IgM (acute) or IgG (chronic)
- Anti-HBe
- Antibodies to 'e' indicating low infection rate and probable recovery
Treatment
There is no medical treatment but an effective vaccination is available.
There are two medications to treat chronic Hepatitis B Virus:-
- Interferon (IFN) .
- Lamivudine
- Less than 50% of patients with chronic Hepatitis.. B Virus (HBV) are suitable for Interferon therapy.
- Initially, 40% of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) patients who are treated with Interferon (IFN) will respond.
- Some will relapse when the treatment is stopped.
- About 35% of eligible patients will benefit.
Prevention
- All individuals living in the same household with a chronically infected individual should be vaccinated against Hepatitis B.
- If exposed to hepatitis B, get a Hepatitis B immune globulin ( HBIG) injection within 14 days following exposure.
- Individuals with hepatitis C and other chronic liver diseases should receive the Hepatitis B vaccine.
- Practice safety measures as for Hepatitis A.
- Those who are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus should be vaccinated against Hepatitis A as well.
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very informative post on Hepatitis B and its treatment.I will always try to be preventive.
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